作業4

作業四
5-2
原文：Climate differences explain why one area of the earth's land surface is a desert,another a grassland, and another a forest and why there are different types of deserts, grasslands, and forests cause by global air circulation.Figure 5-8 shows how scientists have divided the world into several major biomes-large terrestrial regions characterized by similar climate, soil, plants, and animals, regardless of where they are found in the world. The variety of terrestrial biomes and aquatic systems is one of the four components of the earth's biodiversity-a vital part of the earth's natural capital.By comparing Figure 5-8 with Figure 5-2 and Figure 1 on pp. S12-S13 in supplement 4, you can see how the world's major biomes vary with climate. Figure 3-6 shows how major biomes in the United States are related to its different climates.On maps such as the one in Figure 5-8, biomes are shown with sharp boundaries, each being covered with one general type of vegetation. In reality, biomes are not uniform. They consist of a mosaic of patches, each with somewhat different biological communities but with similarities typical of the biome. These patches occur mostly because the resources that plants and animals need are not uniformly distributed and because human activities remove and alter the natural vegetation in many areas.Figure 5-9 shows how climate and vegetation vary with latitude and elevation. If you climb a tall mountain from its base to its summit, you can observe changes in plant life similar to those you would encounter in traveling from the equator to one of the earth's poles. For example, if you hike up a tall mountain in Ecuador, your trek can begin in a tropical rain forest and end on a glacier at the summit.Differences in climate, mostly from average annual precipitation and temperature, lead to the formation of tropical (hot), temperate (moderate), and polar (cold) deserts, grassland, and forests.
翻譯：氣候的差異解釋了地球地表為什麼一個區域會是沙漠、一個區域是草原或是一個區域是森林，且藉由全球空氣環流解釋了為什麼會有不同種類的沙漠、草原及森林。圖5-8顯示科學家是以大陸地區中，有相同特性的氣候、土壤、植物、動物，並無論是在世界的哪裡發現，將世界分為數個主要的生物群落。各種各樣的陸地生物群落以及水生系統，是組成地球自然資本的一個重要部分─生物多樣性的四個要素之一。
5-3
How have we affected the world's terrestrial ecosystems?
我們人類如何影響地球環境系統?
隨著地球人口的成長以及科技的進步,人類一直在消耗地球可用資源,破壞地球原有之生態環境,人們要繼續住在地球上就應該注意到環境的永續發展,開發替代能源,減少化學物質的使用量,減低對地球生態的破壞,垃圾分類和多運用大眾交通工具都是我們學生可以幫助這個地球的方法.

5-6
重點:
淡水生態系統的功能分成生態效用以及經濟效用
生態效用: 適當的溫度,營養循環,廢物處理,食物的控制,裝填地下水,許多生物的棲息地,遺傳學上的生物多樣性(生物資源),科學上的資訊.
經濟效用: 食物,飲用水,運輸路線,重新創造遊憩及沿海居住地,工作機會.
上課心得:了解環境與我們生活是息息相關的,其實課本內容不難理解,只有一些專有名詞需要弄懂,做作業也可確實複習到課本的內容,老師上課採互動較多的方式,讓地理課不那麼無聊,輕鬆不少.